Differences in Culprit Lesions Between Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Abstract

Background: Differences in culprit lesion characteristics remain unclear between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables high-resolution in vivo identification of plaques. We investigated potential differences in culprit lesions between premenopausal and postmenopausal women with ACS by means of OCT.

Methods: We included 191 ACS patients who had undergone preinterventional OCT and stratified them into 2 groups according to their menopausal status: premenopausal (n = 97) and postmenopausal (n = 94). The characteristics of culprit lesions were compared between the 2 groups.

Results: Multivessel lesions were more commonly noted on angiography in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group (40.21% vs 72.34%; P < 0.0001). On OCT, the most common type of culprit plaque was the fibrous plaque in the premenopausal group and the lipid plaque in the postmenopausal group. Compared with the premenopausal group, plaque rupture was more common in the postmenopausal group (39.18% vs 55.32%; P = 0.0254); culprit lesions had more vulnerable features, including macrophage accumulation (58.76% vs 87.23%; P < 0.0001), microchannel (38.14% vs 84.04%; P < 0.0001), cholesterol crystals (30.93% vs 62.77%; P < 0.0001), lipid-rich plaque (32.99% vs 58.51%; P < 0.0001), thin-cap fibroatheroma (3.09% vs 21.28%; P = 0.0001), and calcium (20.62% vs 44.68%; P = 0.0004); maximum lipid arc was larger (121.06 ± 110.99° vs 220.12 ± 115.47°, P < 0.0001); and lipid length was longer (5.78 ± 5.29 mm vs 12.90 ± 8.97 mm; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Compared with premenopausal women with ACS, postmenopausal women with ACS had more vulnerable culprit lesions. These finding suggest potential optimised lipid-lowering therapy for postmenopausal women with ACS.