Background: Lipoatrophy (LA), a rare skin complication in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), has decreased dramatically over the past decades due to the use of human purified insulin preparations.
Methods: We collected data from the records of T1D patients with LA. Types of insulin and insulin regimen, presence of eosinophilia, anti-insulin (IAA), anti-GAD, anti-IA2 autoantibodies, other autoimmune disorders, site of atrophy and its relationship to catheter, HbA1c at LA onset and after resolution, and different treatment modalities (i.e., change of insulin type or site, sodium cromoglycate (SCG) cream, cortisone cream or percutaneous injections, and laser treatment) were recorded.
Results: Thirteen out of 1200 T1D subjects (1%) presented with LA. The majority were on insulin pump using rapid-acting analogs. Twelve out of 13 patients had changed the type of insulin, and most of them had switched injection sites. Ten out of 13 patients used SCG cream and 7/10 showed complete/partial improvement. One patient used dexamethasone injection with improvement. Five patients showed self-improvement. In 3/7 patients who were receiving SCG, treatment was combined with change of insulin type (glulisine); however, in 1/3, the result should be attributed to concomitant laser treatment. In 4/7 patients, there was a clear, beneficial effect of SCG. In 1/4 with partial resolution of LA, laser treatment was used after SCG, which further improved the result.
Conclusions: LA is a rare skin complication seen even today with the use of insulin analogs. SCG alone or combined with change of insulin type seems to be the most effective treatment. Laser treatment is a promising new therapy.
Keywords: Insulin analogs; Insulin injections; Laser treatment; Lipoatrophy; Skin complications; Sodium cromoglycate; Sodium cromolyn.
© 2021. Hellenic Endocrine Society.