Phytosterol metabolism in plant positive-strand RNA virus replication

Plant Cell Rep. 2022 Feb;41(2):281-291. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02799-x. Epub 2021 Oct 19.

Abstract

The genome of most plant viruses consists of a single positive-strand of RNA (+ ssRNA). Successful replication of these viruses is fully dependent on the endomembrane system of the infected cells, which experiences a massive proliferation and a profound reshaping that enables assembly of the macromolecular complexes where virus genome replication occurs. Assembly of these viral replicase complexes (VRCs) requires a highly orchestrated interplay of multiple virus and co-opted host cell factors to create an optimal microenvironment for efficient assembly and functioning of the virus genome replication machinery. It is now widely accepted that VRC formation involves the recruitment of high levels of sterols, but the specific role of these essential components of cell membranes and the precise molecular mechanisms underlying sterol enrichment at VRCs are still poorly known. In this review, we intend to summarize the most relevant knowledge on the role of sterols in ( +)ssRNA virus replication and discuss the potential of manipulating the plant sterol pathway to help plants fight these infectious agents.

Keywords: Glycosylated sterols; Phytosterols; Plant biotic stress; RNA virus.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Cell Membrane / virology
  • Genome, Viral
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions / physiology*
  • Phytosterols / metabolism*
  • Plant Diseases / virology
  • Plant Viruses / pathogenicity
  • Plant Viruses / physiology*
  • Plants / metabolism*
  • Plants / virology*
  • RNA Viruses / pathogenicity
  • RNA Viruses / physiology
  • Virus Replication

Substances

  • Phytosterols