Phyllanthus amarus attenuated derangement in renal-cardiac function, redox status, lipid profile and reduced TNF-α, interleukins-2, 6 and 8 in high salt diet fed rats

Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola; Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi; Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola; Bamidele Stephen Ajilore; Folorunsho Ayodeji Ajayi; Lamidi Waheed Babatunde Olaniyan

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08106

Phyllanthus amarus attenuated derangement in renal-cardiac function, redox status, lipid profile and reduced TNF-α, interleukins-2, 6 and 8 in high salt diet fed rats

Heliyon. 2021 Oct 1;7(10):e08106. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08106. eCollection 2021 Oct.

Authors

Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola¹, Olumide Samuel Fadahunsi¹, Peter Ifeoluwa Adegbola¹, Bamidele Stephen Ajilore², Folorunsho Ayodeji Ajayi³, Lamidi Waheed Babatunde Olaniyan¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
² Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
³ Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Abstract

High salt diet (HSD) has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of immune derangement, cardiovascular disorders and, metabolic syndromes. This study investigated the protective effect of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus (EEPA) against high salt diet (HSD) induced biochemical and metabolic derangement in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each as follows; control group fed with normal rat chow, negative control group, fed HSD only, animals on HSD treated orally with 75 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and, 150 mg/kg EEPA once daily. At the end of 8 weeks treatment, lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL), oxidative stress (catalase, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde), inflammatory (TNF-a, interleukins 2, 6, and 8), cardiac (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase) and kidney function markers (urea, uric acid, creatinine) were assessed. Serum TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL content were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in HSD-only fed rats, while HDL was significantly elevated in a concentration-dependent manner in EEPA treated animals. The extract produced a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent increase in the antioxidant enzymes activities and a significant reduction in the malondialdehyde level. A significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in serum TNF-alpha, IL-2, 6, and 8 of EEPA treated rats compared with HSD-fed rats was observed. More so, reduction in serum LDH, creatine kinase, creatinine, urea, and uric acid activity of extract-treated animals were noted. EEPA attenuated high salt diet-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia in rats.

Keywords: High salt diet; Interleukins; Lipid profile; Oxidative stress; Phyllanthus amarus.