Diagnostic Performance of FDG-PET/CT Scan as Compared to US-Guided FNA in Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Cancer Patients

Hazem I Assi; Ibrahim A Alameh; Jessica Khoury; Maroun Bou Zerdan; Vanessa Akiki; Maya Charafeddine; Ghida I El Saheb; Fares Sukhon; Eman Sbaity; Serine Baydoun; Nina Shabb; Ghina Berjawi; Mohamad B Haidar

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.740336

Diagnostic Performance of FDG-PET/CT Scan as Compared to US-Guided FNA in Prediction of Axillary Lymph Node Involvement in Breast Cancer Patients

Front Oncol. 2021 Oct 1:11:740336. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740336. eCollection 2021.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
³ Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁴ Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁵ Department of Pathology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/non-contrast CT compared with those of ultrasound (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for axillary lymph node (ALN) staging in breast cancer patients.

Patients and methods: Preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/non-contrast CT was performed in 268 women with breast cancer, as well as ALN dissection or sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. One hundred sixty-four patients underwent US-guided FNA in combination with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic performance of each modality was evaluated using histopathologic assessments as the reference standard. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared to evaluate the diagnostic ability of several imaging modalities.

Results: Axillary ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was positive in 180 patients, and 125 patients had axillary metastases according to the final pathology obtained by ALN dissection and/or SLN dissection. Of the patients with positive ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the axilla, 21% had false-positive results, whereas 79% were truly positive. Eighty-eight patients had negative ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the axilla, among which 25% were false-negative. ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT had a sensitivity of 86.59% and a specificity of 63.46% in the assessment of ALN metastasis; on the other hand, US-guided FNA had a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 87.50%. The mean primary cancer size (p = 0.04) and tumor grade (p = 0.04) in combination were the only factors associated with the accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for detecting metastatic ALNs.

Conclusion: The diagnostic performance of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of axillary node metastasis in breast cancer patients was not significantly different from that of US-guided FNA. Combining ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT with US-guided FNA or SLN biopsy could improve the diagnostic performance compared to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT alone.

Keywords: 18F-FDG PET/CT; FNA (fine needle aspiration); axillary lymph node; breast cancer; ultrasonography.