UVB-induced eIF2α phosphorylation in keratinocytes depends on decreased ATF4, GADD34 and CReP expression levels

Abstract

Aim: To elucidate the mechanism behind the sustained high levels of phosphorylated eIF2α in HaCaT cells post-UVB.

Main methods: In this study, expression levels of the machinery involved in the dephosphorylation of eIF2α (GADD34, CReP and PP1), as well as the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP, IRE1α/XBP1s and ATF6α signaling cascades, were analyzed by western blot and fluorescence microscope.

Key findings: Our data showed that UVB induces the phosphorylation of eIF2α, which induces the translation of ATF4 and consequently the expression of CHOP and GADD34. Nevertheless, UVB also suppresses the translation of ATF4 and GADD34 in HaCaT cells via a p-eIF2α independent mechanism. Therefore, the lack of ATF4, GADD34 and CReP is responsible for the sustained phosphorylation of eIF2α. Finally, our data also showed that UVB selectively modifies PERK and downregulates ATF6α expression but does not induce activation of the IRE1α/XBP1s pathway in HaCaT cells.

Significance: Novel mechanism to explain the prolonged phosphorylation of eIF2α post-UVB irradiation.

Keywords: ATF4; GADD34; Keratinocytes; Ultraviolet radiation B; eIF2α.