Effect of Training and Detraining in the Components of Physical Fitness in People Living With HIV/AIDS

Juliany de Souza Araujo; Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros; Tatiane Andreza Lima da Silva; Danielle Coutinho de Medeiros; Jason Azevedo de Medeiros; Isis Kelly Dos Santos; Phelipe Wilde; Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco Cabral; Radamés Maciel Vitor Medeiros; Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.586753

Effect of Training and Detraining in the Components of Physical Fitness in People Living With HIV/AIDS

Front Physiol. 2021 Sep 22:12:586753. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.586753. eCollection 2021.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
² Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
³ Department of Physical Education, State University of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of training and detraining on the physical fitness components of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The study was characterized as experimental with a sample composed of 21 people divided into two groups: 11 volunteers (PLHA, 46.9 ± 8.0 years, 63.8 ± 12.7 kg, 161.7 ± 8.7 cm, 7 men, and 4 women), using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10 people without HIV/AIDS in the control group (CG, 43.8 ± 13.8 years, 75.2 ± 11.2 kg, 163.3 ± 7.8 cm, 3 men, and 7 women), with the same average age and level of physical activity. The intervention, applied to both groups, consisted of combined training for 15 weeks, followed by detraining for 5 weeks. Before and after the training and detraining period the following parameters were evaluated: body composition by dual energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness by ergospirometer, and strength of upper and lower limbs by isometric dynamometer. The results show the effect of the intervention moments on the strength and oxygen consumption variables (time factor), considering the two study groups. Regarding the analysis of the interaction (group vs. time), there was a significant effect on the isometric extension strength of the left (p = 0.019) and right (p = 0.030) knees, with training (left: 10.4%; right: 12.4%) and detraining (left: -10.8%; right: -12.1%) effect in PLHA, when compared with the control group (left: 8.1 and 3.9%, respectively; right: 11.5 and -0.2%, respectively). In addition, there was a significant interaction on ventilatory threshold 1 (p = 0.002), indicating a significantly greater increase with training (27.3%) and decrease with detraining (-22.7%) in the PLHA group compared with the Control group (19.9 and -6.7%, respectively). In conclusion, combined training and the subsequent period of detraining caused similar responses in body composition, isometric strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness of PLHA and CG, except for the extensor strength of the lower limbs and ventilatory threshold 1, which presented positive effects on training and negative effects on detraining for PLHA. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03075332.

Keywords: HIV; cardiorespiratory fitness; detraining; exercise; physical fitness.

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03075332