The fourth Industrial Revolution is stimulating a fast-paced and resilient industrial internet of things (IIoT) ecosystem. Blockchain, a decentralized digital ledger technology, plays a crucial role in improvising, securing, and streamlining traditional biotechnology-related industrial processes with IoT and creates a sustainable nexus between social, economic, and environmental aspects.
Keywords: Industry 4.0; bioagriculture; bioenergy; biomanufacturing; blockchain; climate change; digital twin.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.