Multiple Ovulation and Embryo Transfer (MOET) technology is a potential technique to upgrade livestock species' genetics. The varied response to super-stimulatory treatments remains one of the limiting factors to this technology's widespread use. The present study was aimed to improve the superovulation response and in-vivo embryo production by using controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-GnRH or CIDR-EB (Estradiol Benzoate) along with conventional superovulation protocol in Holstein Frisian (HF): Bos taurus; n = 42) and Crossbred (XB: Cholistani (Bos indicus) × HF; n = 28) cows. In the CIDR-GnRH/CIDR-EB treatment, CIDR was implanted in the cows after confirming the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) on the 8th day after estrus. 2 ml GnRH (Lecirelin acetate 0.0262 mg/ml) or 2 mg EB was also administered in CIDR-GnRH/CIDR-EB groups, respectively. Both groups were given super-stimulatory treatment from the 11th day after estrus (FSH in tapering doses twice a day for four consecutive days). On day 13, two doses of 2 ml prostaglandin (75 µg/ml of dextrorotatory cloprostenol) were administered (am: pm), and CIDR was removed the following day. Two artificial inseminations (AI) of the cows were performed (12 h apart) on the 15th day. No CIDR and GnRH/E.B were given in the control group, but the remaining superovulation protocol was the same. Later on, seven days after the first AI, non-surgical embryo flushing was done. The transferable embryos produced from three different superovulation protocols were then transferred into the recipient cows (n = 90) for determining their fertility. Statistical analysis revealed that the number of super-estrus follicles (SEF), multiple corpora lutea (MCL), ovulation/fertilization percentage, fertilized structures recovered (FSR), and transferable embryos (TEs) remained significantly higher (p < 0.05), and days taken for return to estrus (RTE) after embryo collection remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in CIDR-GnRH (n = 18) and CIDR-EB (n = 15) groups as compared to the control (n = 37). The comparison between XB and HF cows revealed that the TEs production in CIDR-GnRH (XB = 5 vs HF = 13) and CIDR-EB (XB = 6 vs HF = 9) based superovulation protocols were 11.60 ± 4.08 vs 04.31 ± 0.98 and 09.33 ± 1.78 vs 05.22 ± 1.36, respectively. TEs production in XB cows (n = 5) of the CIDR-GnRH group was significantly higher (11.60 ± 4.08) than other groups. On the other hand, the days taken for RTE after embryo collection remained significantly lower (p < 0.05) in HF cows of treatment groups. However, the fertility of TEs was neither affected significantly (p > 0.05) by the superovulation protocol used nor by breed differences among donor cows. In conclusion, using CIDR-GnRH or CIDR-EB along with conventional superovulation protocol may enhance the efficiency of MOET programs in cattle. Furthermore, XB donor cows demonstrated a better performance than HF donor cows under subtropical conditions.
Keywords: Bovine embryo transfer; ETT in Pakistan; Improved in-vivo embryo production; Synchronization of the follicular wave; Wave emergence based superovulation.
©2021 Mahmood et al.