Increased Quality of Life Among Newly Diagnosed Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in the Months After Initiation of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy and Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator Prescription

Abstract

Background: The patient experience of heart failure involves a multi-impact symptom response with functional limitations, psychological changes, and significant treatment burden.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the change in patient-reported outcomes in newly diagnosed patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) prescribed a wearable cardioverter defibrillator.

Methods: Adults hospitalized for new-onset heart failure, due to ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and prescribed a wearable cardioverter defibrillator within 10 days post discharge were approached for inclusion. Participants completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire at 3 time points: baseline, day 90, and day 180.

Results: A total of 210 patients (26% female) were included. All Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire subscales (physical limitation, symptom frequency, quality of life, and social limitation) showed improvement from baseline to day 90 (all Ps < .001). Only quality of life continued to improve from day 90 to day 180 (P < .001). By day 90, nearly 70% of patients showed an improvement in quality of life (67.9%, n = 91), and by day 180, more than 80% (82.8%, n = 111) reported a net improvement. Five patients (3.7%) reported a net decrease, and 18 patients (13.4%) had no net change in quality of life during the 180-day period.

Conclusion: Patient-reported quality of life improved significantly among patients newly diagnosed with HFrEF and prescribed a wearable cardioverter defibrillator. These results suggest that pursuing guideline-directed medical therapy for HFrEF, while being protected by the wearable cardioverter defibrillator, is likely to provide symptom relief and improve quality of life.