Biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol in batch and continuous packed bed reactor by isolated Bacillus subtilis

Naveen Patel; Shraddha Shahane; Biswanath Bhunia; Umesh Mishra; Vinod Kumar Chaudhary; Arun Lal Srivastav

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113851

Biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol in batch and continuous packed bed reactor by isolated Bacillus subtilis

J Environ Manage. 2022 Jan 1:301:113851. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113851. Epub 2021 Sep 28.

Authors

Naveen Patel¹, Shraddha Shahane², Biswanath Bhunia³, Umesh Mishra², Vinod Kumar Chaudhary⁴, Arun Lal Srivastav⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Ayodhya, 224001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
² Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India.
³ Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Tripura, India. Electronic address: bbhunia@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India.
⁵ Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India. Electronic address: arun.srivastav@chitkarauniversity.edu.in.

PMID: 34597952
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113851

Abstract

In present work, biodegradation of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) has been successfully achieved using bacteria i.e. Bacillus subtilis (MF447841.1), which was isolated from the wastewater of a nearby drain of Hyundai Motor Company service centre, Agartala, Tripura (India). Geonomic identification was carried out by 16 S rDNA technique and phylogenetic processes. Both, batch and column mode of experiments were performed to optimize various parameters (initial concentration, contact time, dosages etc.) involved in the significant biodegradation of 4-CP. Based on R² value (0.9789), the Levenspiel's model was found to be best fit than others. The kinetic parameters; specific growth rate (μ), yield of cell mass (Y_X/S), and saturation constant (KS), were obtained as 0.6383 (h^-1), 0.35 (g/g), and 0.006884 (g/L), respectively. The isolated strain has shown the ability of degrading 4-CP up to 1000 mg/L initial concentration within 40 h. Bacterial strain was immobilized via developing calcium alginate beads along by optimizing weight proportion of calcium chloride and sodium alginate and size of the bead for further experiments. Various process parameters i.e. initial feed concentration, bed height, rate of flow of were optimized during packed bed reactor (PBR) study. Maximum biodegradation efficiency of 4-CP was observed as 45.39% at initial concentration of 500 mg/L within 105 min, using 2 mm size of immobilized beads which were formed using 3.5% w/v of both calcium chloride and sodium alginate within. Thus, Bacillus subtilis (MF447841.1) could be used for biological remediation of 4-CP pollutant present in wastewater. Moreover, because of affordable and eco-friendly nature of water treatment, relatively it has the better scope of commercialization.

Keywords: 4-Chlorophenol; Biological degradation; Genomic identification; Immobilization; Process optimization; Sustainable development goals.

MeSH terms

Bacillus subtilis*
Biodegradation, Environmental
Bioreactors*
Chlorophenols
Phylogeny

Substances

Chlorophenols
4-chlorophenol