Background/aim: The surgical treatment of patients with bone metastasis of the extremities poses a set of unique challenges. We aimed to highlight common hazards when treating pathological fractures as well as hazards surrounding assumptions on metastatic status and life expectancy.
Materials and methods: This systematic literature review includes studies published from January 1, 1985 to May 7, 2021. Published articles were surveyed using PubMed. Of 99 studies, 32 original articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria. The PRISMA guidelines were used to select articles.
Results: Current literature reports a variety of common pitfalls. In order to avoid pitfalls, it is essential to secure the diagnosis. Furthermore, life expectancy must be given consideration when planning surgical therapy. In addition, a well-functioning multidisciplinary team is needed to coordinate further options such as radiation or embolization.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that the surgical principles for treating bone metastases of the extremities are often to the point, incorporating all the nuances of treatment is a meticulous procedure.
Keywords: Pathological fracture; bone metastases; literature review; pitfalls; skeletal metastases.
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