Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and factors associated with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection in preterm infants within the first 2 years of life. Methods: Children with respiratory tract infections admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital during the 3-year period from January 2016 to December 2018 who were <2 years old and whose gestational age at birth was <37 weeks were selected, and those who met the diagnostic criteria for RSV infection were categorized as the positive case group, and those who had no detectable influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus antigens were categorized as the negative group. The clinical characteristics of the case group were retrospectively analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the associated factors. Results: A total of 1, 483 children were included, of whom 149 (10.1%) were HRSV positive (case group) and 447 (30.1%) were in the negative group (control group). In the case group, there were 88 (59.1%) male and 61 (40.1%) female children; 127 children (85.2%) in the mild-to-moderate disease group and 22 children (14.8%) in the severe disease group. The number of cases in the severe disease group was greater than that in the mild-to-moderate disease group [(17 cases, 77.3%) than (59 cases, 46.5%)], with statistical significance (P=0.010). A total of 117 cases (78.5%) had onset from February to July. Multivariable analysis showed that males [OR (95%CI) of 0.105 (0.013-0.112)], age at month [0.045 (0.036-0.112)], congenital heart disease [0.388 (0.206-0.940)] and bronchopulmonary dysplasia [0.622 (0.484-0.927)] were positively associated with HRSV infection in preterm infants. Conclusion: The high prevalence of HRSV infection in preterm infants in Shenzhen is from February to July each year, and male children are more common. Young age, congenital heart disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are all independent risk factors for HRSV infection in preterm infants.
目的： 分析早产儿生后2年内人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）感染的临床特征及相关因素。 方法： 选择2016年1月至2018年12月3年期间，深圳市儿童医院收治的<2岁，且其出生胎龄<37周的呼吸道感染患儿，符合HRSV感染诊断标准者归为阳性病例组，不符合且流感病毒、副流感病毒及腺病毒抗原均未检出者归为阴性组，对病例组的临床特征进行回顾性分析；采用多因素logistic回归模型分析其相关因素。 结果： 共纳入1 483例患儿，其中HRSV阳性者（病例组）为149例（10.1%），阴性组（对照组）为447例（30.1%）。病例组中，男性患儿88例（59.1%），女性患儿61例（40.1%）；轻中症组为127例（85.2%），重症组为22例（14.8%）；重症组患儿<6月龄段发病例数构成大于轻中症组［（17例，77.3%）比（59例，46.5%）］，差异有统计学意义（P=0.010）。发病时间在2—7月份者共117例（78.5%）。多因素分析显示，男性［OR值（95%CI）为0.105（0.013~0.112）］、月龄［OR值（95%CI）为0.045（0.036~0.112）］、先天性心脏病［OR值（95%CI）为0.388（0.206~0.940）］和支气管肺发育不良［OR值（95%CI）为0.622（0.484~0.927）］与早产儿感染HRSV呈正相关。 结论： 深圳地区早产儿感染HRSV的高发时间为每年2—7月份，男性患儿多见，月龄小、患有先天性心脏病或支气管肺发育不良均为早产儿发生HRSV感染的独立危险因素。.