Chemical Composition, Anti-Quorum Sensing, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Extracts of Clinopodium nepeta L. Kuntze

Hatem Beddiar; Sameh Boudiba; Merzoug Benahmed; Alfred Ngenge Tamfu; Özgür Ceylan; Karima Hanini; Selcuk Kucukaydin; Abdelhakim Elomri; Chawki Bensouici; Hocine Laouer; Salah Akkal; Louiza Boudiba; Rodica Mihaela Dinica

doi:10.3390/plants10091955

Chemical Composition, Anti-Quorum Sensing, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Extracts of Clinopodium nepeta L. Kuntze

Plants (Basel). 2021 Sep 18;10(9):1955. doi: 10.3390/plants10091955.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Organic Materials and Heterochemistry, Tebessa University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria.
² Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Applications, Tebessa University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon.
⁴ Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48147, Turkey.
⁵ Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla 48800, Turkey.
⁶ CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.
⁷ Research Center on Biotechnology, Ali Mendjli New City UV 03, BP E73, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
⁸ Laboratory for the Valorization of Natural Biological Resources, Ferhat Abbas University, UFA-Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria.
⁹ Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Physicochemical and Biological Analyses, Mentouri University, Ain El Bey Road, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
¹⁰ Laboratory of Water and Environment, Tebessa University, Constantine Road, Tebessa 12002, Algeria.
¹¹ Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008 Galati, Romania.

Abstract

Phenolic extracts of Clinopodium nepeta were prepared and their preliminary phenolic profiles determined using HPLC-DAD with 26 phenolic standards. Apigenin (21.75 ± 0.41 µg/g), myricetin (72.58 ± 0.57 µg/g), and rosmarinic acid (88.51 ± 0.55 µg/g) were the most abundant compounds in DCM (dichloromethane), AcOEt (ethyl acetate), and BuOH (butanol) extracts, respectively. The DCM and AcOEt extracts inhibited quorum-sensing mediated violacein production by C. violaceum CV12472. Anti-quorum-sensing zones on C. violaceum CV026 at MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) were 10.3 ± 0.8 mm for DCM extract and 12.0 ± 0.5 mm for AcOEt extract. Extracts showed concentration-dependent inhibition of swarming motility on flagellated P. aeruginosa PA01 and at the highest test concentration of 100 μg/mL, AcOEt (35.42 ± 1.00%) extract displayed the best activity. FRAP assay indicated that the BuOH extract (A_0.50 = 17.42 ± 0.25 µg/mL) was more active than standard α-tocopherol (A_0.50 = 34.93 ± 2.38 µg/mL). BuOH extract was more active than other extracts except in the ABTS^●+, where the DCM extract was most active. This antioxidant activity could be attributed to the phenolic compounds detected. C. nepeta extracts showed moderate inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, and α-amylase. The results indicate that C. nepeta is a potent source of natural antioxidants that could be used in managing microbial resistance and Alzheimer's disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; C. nepeta; anti-quorum sensing; antimicrobial; antioxidant; enzyme inhibition; phenolic compounds.