Background: To compare the detection rate of microultrasound with that of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy (mpMRI-TB) for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. Methods: The studies on microultrasound prostate biopsy for PCa diagnosis were searched in PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases from inception to April 2021. We performed a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis based on search results using Software Rev-Man 5.3. Results: A total of 11 studies involving 1081 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that no significant difference was found between microultrasound and mpMRI-TB in the total detection of PCa (odds ratio [OR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.21, p = 0.89), of grading groups (GGs) = 1 (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.68-1.25, p = 0.59), of GGs ≥2 (OR:1.01, 95% CI: 0.83-1.22, p = 0.92), and of GGs ≥3 (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.95-1.81, p = 0.10). Conclusions: Microultrasound-guided prostate biopsy provides detection rates for PCa diagnosis comparable with those of the mpMRI-TB, which is expected to challenge mpMRI-TB in the diagnosis of PCa.
Keywords: biopsy; detection; magnetic resonance imaging; microultrasound; prostate cancer.