The study aims to obtain the information on taste and odor among different edible parts (white dorsal meat, white abdomen meat, white tail meat, and dark meat) of bighead carp. The results showed that the white dorsal meat and white abdomen meat had the higher content of total amino acids among all edible parts of bighead carp samples. The highest inosine monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate content presented in white abdomen meat, and the highest equivalent umami concentration value presented in dark meat. The principal component analysis result of electronic tongue and electronic nose showed significant differences in the overall taste and odor characteristics among four group samples. Additionally, 41, 30, 42, and 29 volatile compounds were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry among white dorsal meat, white abdomen meat, white tail meat, and dark meat of bighead carp, respectively. Based on the data of relative olfactory activity value (ROAV ≥ 1), 12 relative olfactory activity compounds may mainly contribute to the overall odor of bighead carp, including 2-methylbutanal, hexanal, heptanal, (E)-2-octenal, nonanal, dodecanal, undecanal, decanal, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-octen-3-ol, (Z)-2-octen-1-ol, and eucalyptol. Furthermore, according to the Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis profile derived from the ROAV of 12 characteristic volatile compounds, significant variations in the odor of different edible parts of bighead carp. Overall, there was a significant difference in taste and odor among different edible parts of bighead carp, and this study may provide useful information for unraveling the flavor characteristics of each edible part of raw bighead carp. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The comprehensive information on taste and odor among different edible parts (white dorsal meat, white abdomen meat, white tail meat, and dark meat) of bighead carp were obtained using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, automatic amino acid analyzer, electronic tongue (E-tongue), headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), and electronic nose (E-tongue), respectively. This study may provide useful information for unraveling the flavor characteristics of each edible part of raw bighead carp and improving the flavor of bighead carp products.
Keywords: bighead carp; flavor; free amino acids; nucleotides; volatile compounds.
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