The Key Gene Expression Patterns and Prognostic Factors in Malignant Transformation from Enchondroma to Chondrosarcoma

Junqing Wu; Yue Huang; Chengxuan Yu; Xia Li; Limengmeng Wang; Jundong Hong; Daochao Lin; Xiaoping Han; Guoji Guo; Tianye Hu; He Huang

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.693034

The Key Gene Expression Patterns and Prognostic Factors in Malignant Transformation from Enchondroma to Chondrosarcoma

Front Oncol. 2021 Sep 10:11:693034. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.693034. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Junqing Wu^{1

2

3

4}, Yue Huang^{1

2

3

4}, Chengxuan Yu⁵, Xia Li^{1

2

3

4}, Limengmeng Wang^{1

2

3

4}, Jundong Hong⁶, Daochao Lin⁷, Xiaoping Han^{1

8

9}, Guoji Guo^{1

2

3

4

8

9

10}, Tianye Hu⁷, He Huang^{1

2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
² Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
³ Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
⁵ Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
⁶ Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
⁷ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
⁸ School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
⁹ Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
¹⁰ Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

Enchondroma (EC) is a common benign bone tumor. It has the risk of malignant transformation to Chondrosarcoma (CS). However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The gene expression profile of EC and CS was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. We conducted the enrichment analysis and constructed the gene interaction network using the DEGs. We found that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the VEGFA-VEGF2R signaling pathway were more active in CS. The CD8⁺ T cell immunity was enhanced in CS I. We believed that four genes (MFAP2, GOLM1, STMN1, and HN1) were poor predictors of prognosis, while two genes (CAB39L and GAB2) indicated a good prognosis. We have revealed the mechanism in the tumor progression and identified the key genes that predicted the prognosis. This study provided new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of EC and CS.

Keywords: T cell immunity; VEGFA-VEGF2R signaling pathway; angiogenesis; chondrosarcoma; enchondroma; epithelial to mesenchymal transformation; prognostic factor.