Ti3C2-MXene decorated with nanostructured silver as a dual-energy acceptor for the fluorometric neuron specific enolase detection

Ashish Kalkal; Sachin Kadian; Sumit Kumar; Gaurav Manik; Prosenjit Sen; Saurabh Kumar; Gopinath Packirisamy

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620

Ti₃C₂-MXene decorated with nanostructured silver as a dual-energy acceptor for the fluorometric neuron specific enolase detection

Biosens Bioelectron. 2022 Jan 1:195:113620. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

Authors

Ashish Kalkal¹, Sachin Kadian², Sumit Kumar³, Gaurav Manik², Prosenjit Sen⁴, Saurabh Kumar⁵, Gopinath Packirisamy⁶

Affiliations

¹ Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
² Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
³ Department of Research and Innovations, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India.
⁴ Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India.
⁵ Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India; Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India. Electronic address: sau2203@gmail.com.
⁶ Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India. Electronic address: genegopi@gmail.com.

PMID: 34560349
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620

Abstract

Nanohybrids of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have shown fascinating prospects towards the fabrication of highly efficient fluorescent immunosensor. In this context, a nanohybrid of ultrathin Ti₃C₂-MXene nanosheets and silver nanoparticles (Ag@Ti₃C₂-MXene) has been reported as a dual-energy acceptor for ultrahigh fluorescence quenching of protein-functionalized graphene quantum dots (anti-NSE/amino-GQDs). The Ti₃C₂-MXene nanosheets are decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to obsolete the agglomeration and restacking through a one-pot direct reduction method wherein the 2D Ti₃C₂-MXene nanosheets acted both as a reducing agent and support matrix for AgNPs. The as-prepared nanohybrid is characterized by various techniques to analyze the optical, structural, compositional, and morphological parameters. The quenching efficiency and energy transfer capability between the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs (donor) and Ag@Ti₃C₂-MXene (acceptor) have been explored through steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic studies. Interestingly, the Ag@Ti₃C₂-MXene nanohybrid exhibits better quenching and energy transfer efficiencies in contrast to bare Ti₃C₂-MXene, AgNPs and previously reported AuNPs. Based on optimized donor-acceptor pair, a fluorescent turn-on biosensing system is constructed that revealed improved biosensing characteristics compared to Ti₃C₂-MXene, graphene and AuNPs for the detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), including higher sensitivity (∼771 mL ng^-1), broader linear detection range (0.0001-1500 ng mL^-1), better LOD (0.05 pg mL^-1), and faster response time (12 min). Besides, remarkable biosensing capability has been observed in serum samples, with fluorescence recovery of ∼98%.

Keywords: Energy transfer; Fluorescent biosensor; Graphene quantum dots (GQDs); Neuron-specific enolase (NSE); Ti(3)C(2)-MXene.

MeSH terms

Biosensing Techniques*
Gold
Immunoassay
Metal Nanoparticles*
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
Silver
Titanium

Substances

Silver
Gold
Titanium
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase