Is Early COVID-19 in Kidney Transplant Recipients Concerning Enough to Halt Transplantation? A Multicenter Comparative Analysis from India

Abstract

Background: Limited data exist on the incidence and outcome of early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplantation recipients (KTR).

Methods: A retrospective multicenter research study was conducted across 12 centers in India. We explored the symptomatology, demographic, laboratory findings, and outcome of COVID-19 within 30 days of transplantation. The outcome was compared with the overall KTR and waitlisted patients acquiring COVID-19.

Results: The incidence of early COVID-19 was 2.6% (n = 22) for the cumulative 838 renal transplants performed since nationwide lockdown in March 2020 until May 2021. Overall, 1049 KTR were diagnosed with COVID-19 and 2% of those had early COVID-19. The median age of the early COVID-19 cohort was 43 (31-46) years. COVID-19 severity ranged from asymptomatic (18.2%), mild (59.1%), moderate (9.1%), and severe (13.6%). Among clinical symptoms, dyspnea and anosmia were frequent, and in laboratory parameters, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were higher in patients requiring oxygen. The mortality in early COVID-19 was not higher than overall KTR (4.5% vs 8.5%; P = 1). COVID-19 severity (23.9% vs 15.7%; P = .0001) and mortality (15.5% vs 8.5%; P = .001) among waitlisted patients (n = 1703) were higher compared with overall KTR.

Conclusions: We report higher burden of COVID-19 in waitlisted patients compared with KTR and a favorable outcome in early COVID-19 in KTR. Our report will help the transplant physicians in dealing with the ongoing dilemma of halting or resuming transplantation in the COVID-19 era.