Chinese patent medicine Aidi injection for cancer care: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Aidi injection is one of the China Food and Drug Administration approved Chinese herbal injections and the most competitive product in cancer care in China. It is composed of the extracts from Mylabris Phalerata, Astragalus Membranaceus, Panax Ginseng, and Acanthopanax Senticosus.

Aim of the study: This overview aims to map systematic reviews (SRs) of Aidi injection for cancer and provide a summarized evidence for clinical practice and decision making.

Materials and methods: Seven databases were searched for SRs and/or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on Aidi injection for cancer care until December 2020. Six authors worked in pairs independently identified studies, collected data, and assessed the quality of included studies according to the revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A narrative synthesis was used for the evidence mapping.

Results: Fifty-two SRs on Aidi injection as adjuvant therapy were included, involving lung cancer (20 SRs), liver cancer (10), colorectal cancer (7), gastric cancer (6), lymphoma (2), breast cancer (2), esophageal cancer (1), ovary cancer (1), and a mix of different cancers (4). Except for one SR focusing on Aidi injection used alone, other SRs evaluated Aidi injection in combination with chemotherapy (43), radiotherapy (4), or chemo/radiology/targeting therapy (4). Aidi injection showed additional beneficial effects on survival (9), objective response rate (44), quality of life (42), and the reduction of side-effects from chemo/radiotherapy (48). Using AMSTAR 2 tool, two reviews were assessed as low and the rest as critically low methodological quality mainly due to the lack of prospective registration. The reporting quality was insufficient assessed with PRISMA in the reporting of search strategy (26, 50.0%), additional analysis (19, 36.5%), and the summary of evidence (2, 3.8%).

Conclusion: Aidi injection has been evaluated for its adjuvant beneficial effects on cancer survival, tumor responses, quality of life, and reducing the side effects of chemo/radiotherapy, mainly focusing on lung, liver and colorectal cancer. The methodological and reporting quality are weak and need to be improved in the future.

Keywords: AMSTAR2; Aidi injection; Astragaloside II (PubChem CID: 71306915); Astragaloside IV (PubChem CID: 13943297); Cancer care; Cantharidin (PubChem CID: 5944); Chinese patent medicine; Ginsenoside Rb1 (PubChem CID: 118987129); Ginsenoside Rc (PubChem CID: 12855889); Ginsenoside Rd (PubChem CID: 24721561); Ginsenoside Re (PubChem CID: 441921); Ginsenoside Rg1 (PubChem CID: 441923); Ginsenoside Rg3 (PubChem CID: 9918693); Ginsenoside Rh2 (PubChem CID: 119307); Isofraxidin (PubChem CID: 5318565); Overview; Syringin (PubChem CID: 5316860); Systematic reviews.