Phycocyanin (PC) is a natural pigment-protein complex in food dye applications. In this study, a phycocyanin-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) complex (PE) was prepared and the effects of EGCG on the structure and color stability of PC were evaluated. The fluorescence results showed that the binding number n was 62.1 ± 3.41 (EGCG/PC) and the binding constant K was 4.39 (±0.2) × 105 M-1, indicating a weak-binding interaction. Fourier transform-infrared analysis showed that EGCG caused structural changes in PC by partially uncoiling α-helix and increasing β-sheet content. The EGCG induced a PC association at a reaction molar ratio above 40:1 (EGCG/PC). Moreover, EGCG protected phycocyanobilin against color fading, making PE more stable relative to PC under 8-days storage in light. This study provides a novel scheme to stabilize PC by forming a complex with polyphenols, which will facilitate the PC application as a natural blue pigment in food.
Keywords: Epigallocatechin gallate; Interaction; Light stability; Phycocyanin.
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