Ocular Ultrasound Abnormalities and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Dogs and Cats

Abstract

Indications for, technique, and findings for normal and abnormal ocular ultrasound are discussed, with specific sonographic findings, images, differential diagnoses, and other considerations. Because the eye is a fluid-filled structure, ultrasound can be used as a screening test when pathology prevents direct examination. Structural abnormalities, such as lens luxation, retinal detachments, and intraocular and orbital masses, also may be defined better using point-of-care ultrasound. Details on additional ophthalmic diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis are not covered.

Keywords: Exophthalmos; Hyphema; Ocular tumors; Ocular ultrasound; Point-of-care; Retinal detachments; Secondary glaucoma.