Saving critically ill COVID-19 patients with mechanical circulatory support

Rui Li; Senlin Hu; Peng Chen; Jiangang Jiang; Guanglin Cui; Dao-Wen Wang

doi:10.21037/atm-20-5169

Saving critically ill COVID-19 patients with mechanical circulatory support

Ann Transl Med. 2021 Aug;9(15):1221. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-5169.

Authors

Rui Li^{1

2}, Senlin Hu^{1

2}, Peng Chen^{1

2}, Jiangang Jiang^{1

2}, Guanglin Cui^{1

2}, Dao-Wen Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
² Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing public health crisis that has led to many deaths due to multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). This article describes the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients who survived the disease through mechanical circulatory support (MCS).

Methods: We studied 25 critically ill COVID-19 patients who underwent MCS from January 20, 2020, to April 10, 2020, at the Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

Results: Thirteen (52%) of the 25 patients survived with MCS support, while 12 (48%) died. At the time of their hospital admission, we identified significant differences in their peak cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, as well as in their lymphocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT) was associated with an approximately 20-fold improvement in survival [hazard ratio (HR) =0.049, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.008 to 0.305]. The number of days spent on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and the use of hydrogen (pH) at the time of MCS was also associated with an increase in survival. This contrasted with high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins (hs-CRP) and lactate, associated with a decrease in survival during MCS. Further analysis of the determinants relating to a COVID-19 patient's chance of survival on/after MCS was also indicated by levels of IL-6 (β=0.009, P=0.006), IL-8 (β=0.031, P=0.020), and TNF-α (β=0.107, P=0.014), which saw a significant increase in the 12 patients who died. This contrasts with the non-significant decrease in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in the 13 patients who survived.

Conclusions: These results indicate that pH, lactate, hs-CRP, ECMO duration, and RRT are important clinical determinants for assessing how MCS can increase the chances of critically ill COVID-19 patients surviving the disease.

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); mechanical circulatory support (MCS); mortality; outcome.