Predictors of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Ashanti Region, Ghana

Reginald Adjetey Annan; Linda Afriyie Gyimah; Charles Apprey; Odeafo Asamoah-Boakye; Linda Nana Esi Aduku; Wisdom Azanu; Herman E Luterodt; Anthony K Edusei

doi:10.1017/jns.2021.58

Predictors of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Ashanti Region, Ghana

J Nutr Sci. 2021 Aug 23:10:e67. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.58. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Reginald Adjetey Annan¹, Linda Afriyie Gyimah¹, Charles Apprey¹, Odeafo Asamoah-Boakye¹, Linda Nana Esi Aduku¹, Wisdom Azanu², Herman E Luterodt³, Anthony K Edusei⁴

Affiliations

¹ Human Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
³ Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
⁴ Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Abstract

Adolescent pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, the determinants of these outcomes are understudied. The present study sought to identify the predictors of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents in Ghana. In this prospective health centre-based study, 416 pregnant adolescents, aged 13-19 years old, were followed, and 270 birth outcomes were evaluated. We collected data on socio-demographic variables, eating behaviour, household hunger scale (HHS), lived poverty index (LPI) and compliance to antenatal interventions. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm births (PTB) were 15⋅2 and 12⋅5 %, respectively. Pregnant adolescents with no formal education (AOR 9⋅0; P = 0⋅004; 95 % CI 2⋅1, 39⋅8), those who experienced illness (AOR 3⋅0; P = 0⋅011; 95 % CI 1⋅3, 7⋅0), those who experienced hunger (OR 2⋅9; P = 0⋅010; 95 % CI 1⋅3, 6⋅5) and those with high LPI (OR 2⋅5; P = 0⋅014; 95 % CI 1⋅2, 5⋅3) presented increased odds of delivering preterm babies compared with those who have had secondary education, did not experience any illness, were not hungry or having low LPI, respectively. Pregnant adolescents who used insecticide-treated net (ITN) (AOR 0⋅4; P = 0⋅013; 95 % CI 0⋅2, 0⋅9) presented reduced odds LBW children; while those who experienced illness (AOR 2⋅7; P = 0⋅020; 95 % CI 1⋅2, 6⋅0), poorer pregnant adolescents (OR 2⋅5; P = 0⋅014; 95 % CI 1⋅1, 4⋅8) and those who experienced hunger (AOR 3⋅0; P = 0⋅028; 95 % CI 1⋅1, 8⋅1) presented increased odds of LBW children compared with those who used ITN, were not ill, were not poor or did not experience hunger. Adverse birth outcomes were associated with ANC compliance and socioeconomic factors of the pregnant adolescents. Hence, strengthening antenatal uptake and compliance by pregnant adolescents, promoting their livelihood and socioeconomic status, and interventions to prevent teenage pregnancies are strongly recommended.

Keywords: Adolescent pregnancy; Birth outcomes; Household hunger scale; Lived poverty index; Low birth weight; Preterm.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Female
Ghana / epidemiology
Humans
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications* / epidemiology
Pregnancy in Adolescence*
Prospective Studies
Young Adult