Rationale: Malakoplakia and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are chronic inflammatory conditions of the kidney characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Patient concerns: An 82-year-old female patient had a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and end-stage renal disease under hemodialysis. She was admitted repeatedly 4 times within 4 months due to urosepsis.
Diagnosis: The enlarged right kidney with a low-density lesion at the right middle calyx, and a well-enhanced ureter were noted on the computed tomography scan. Therefore, xanthogranulomatous inflammation was suspected. Semi-rigid ureteroscopy with biopsy was performed, and xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the ureter was confirmed on the pathology report.
Interventions: After right open radical nephrectomy was performed, the final pathology report revealed malakoplakia with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
Outcomes: After the surgery, she has no longer suffered from urosepsis for 8 months, and there were no adverse event or recurrence noted.
Lessons: With this case report, we aim to emphasize that these 2 diseases are not mutually exclusive, but they may exist simultaneously in the same patient.
Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.