Established and Emerging Regulatory Roles of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B (eIF5B)

Prakash Amruth Raj Chukka; Stacey D Wetmore; Nehal Thakor

doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.737433

Established and Emerging Regulatory Roles of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B (eIF5B)

Front Genet. 2021 Aug 27:12:737433. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.737433. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Prakash Amruth Raj Chukka^{1

2

3

4}, Stacey D Wetmore^{1

2

3

4}, Nehal Thakor^{1

2

5

6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
² Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre (SAGSC), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
³ Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute (ARRTI), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
⁴ Canadian Centre of Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
⁵ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
⁶ Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience (CCBN), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
⁷ Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Abstract

Translational control (TC) is one the crucial steps that dictate gene expression and alter the outcome of physiological process like programmed cell death, metabolism, and proliferation in a eukaryotic cell. TC occurs mainly at the translation initiation stage. The initiation factor eIF5B tightly regulates global translation initiation and facilitates the expression of a subset of proteins involved in proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and immunosuppression under stress conditions. eIF5B enhances the expression of these survival proteins to allow cancer cells to metastasize and resist chemotherapy. Using eIF5B as a biomarker or drug target could help with diagnosis and improved prognosis, respectively. To achieve these goals, it is crucial to understand the role of eIF5B in translational regulation. This review recapitulates eIF5B's regulatory roles in the translation initiation of viral mRNA as well as the cellular mRNAs in cancer and stressed eukaryotic cells.

Keywords: IRES; Non-canonical Translation Ianitiation; eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B); mRNA translation; uORF.

Publication types

Review