Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity, Metabolism, and Cellular Behavior in Biomedicine Applications

Hao Wei; Yangnan Hu; Junguo Wang; Xia Gao; Xiaoyun Qian; Mingliang Tang

doi:10.2147/IJN.S321984

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity, Metabolism, and Cellular Behavior in Biomedicine Applications

Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Aug 31:16:6097-6113. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S321984. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Hao Wei^#¹, Yangnan Hu^#^{2

3}, Junguo Wang¹, Xia Gao¹, Xiaoyun Qian¹, Mingliang Tang^{2

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
² State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
³ Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely investigated and applied in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent superparamagnetic properties and reliable traceability. However, with the optimization of core composition, shell types and transfection agents, the cytotoxicity and metabolism of different SPIONs have great differences, and the labeled cells also show different cellular behaviors. Therefore, a holistic review of the construction and application of SPIONs is desired. This review focuses the advances of SPIONs in the field of biomedicine in recent years. After summarizing the toxicity of different SPIONs, the uptake, distribution and metabolism of SPIONs in vitro were discussed. Then, the regulation of labeled-cells behavior is outlined. Furthermore, the major challenges in the optimization process of SPIONs and insights on its future developments are proposed.

Keywords: biological behavior; cytotoxicity; stem cells; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Magnetite Nanoparticles* / adverse effects

Substances

Magnetite Nanoparticles

Grants and funding

This work is supported by grants from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2017YFA0104303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81970883, 81970885), the Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. YY-073), and the Project of Invigorating Health Care through Science, Technology and Education.