View from the Patient Perspective: Mixed-Methods Analysis of Post-Discharge Virtual Visits in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Virtual visits (VVs) are being used increasingly to provide patient-centered care and have undergone rapid uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to compare satisfaction and convenience of virtual post-discharge follow-up for surgical patients and qualitatively analyze free-text survey responses in a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Patient satisfaction with VVs has not been evaluated previously in a randomized controlled trial and few mixed-methods analyses have been done to understand barriers and facilitators to post-discharge visits.

Study design: Patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy or cholecystectomy were randomized to VV or in-person visit (2:1). Surveys with 11 multiple-choice and 2 open-ended questions evaluated patient satisfaction and convenience. Univariate analysis compared responses to the multiple-choice questions and qualitative content analysis evaluated open-ended responses.

Results: Of 442 enrolled patients, 289 completed their postoperative visit and were sent surveys (55% response rate). Patients were categorized as VV (n = 135), crossover (randomized to virtual but completed in-person; n = 53), and in-person visits (n = 101). Patient-reported satisfaction was similar, but convenience was higher for VV patients. Open-ended responses (72 VVs, 14 crossovers, and 41 in-person visits) were qualitatively analyzed. In all groups, patient experience was influenced by quality of care, efficiency, and convenience. Barriers were different for virtual and in-person appointments.

Conclusions: We found that quality of, and access to, care-whether in person or virtual-remained critical components of patient satisfaction. VVs address many barriers associated with in-person visits and were more convenient, but can present additional technological barriers.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03258177.