Effect of starter cultures mixed with different autochthonous lactic acid bacteria on microbial, metabolome and sensory properties of Chinese northeast sauerkraut

Abstract

Effects of mixed cultures composed of any two of four autochthonous lactic acid bacteria on fermentation of Chinese northeast sauerkraut were investigated in this study. Results indicated that different mixed cultures inoculation generated diversified physicochemical, microbiological and flavor quality of sauerkraut. Compared to spontaneous fermentation, mix-culture fermentation showed significant higher population of lactic acid bacteria and lower amounts of undesirable microorganisms. Free amino acids increased by 2- to 5-fold from initial level in spontaneous and mix-culture fermentation, with the lowest production by spontaneous fermentation. Moreover, mix-culture fermentation promoted the flavor formation based on the analysis of HS-SPME/GC-MS, E-nose, E-tongue and sensory evaluation, especially for the mixed culture of Leu. mesenteroides and L. plantarum. These results highlighted that using a mixed culture made up with Leu. mesenteroides and L. plantarum could be a potential way to improve the quality of sauerkraut, which could provide an alternative way to meet consumers' requirement.

Keywords: E-nose; E-tongue; Metabolome; Mix-culture fermentation; Sensory characteristics; qPCR.