The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Inflammatory Markers, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Overweight/Obese Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Babak Hooshmand Moghadam; Fateme Golestani; Reza Bagheri; Neda Cheraghloo; Mozhgan Eskandari; Alexei Wong; Michael Nordvall; Katsuhiko Suzuki; Parisa Pournemati

doi:10.3390/cancers13174386

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Inflammatory Markers, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Overweight/Obese Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Cancers (Basel). 2021 Aug 30;13(17):4386. doi: 10.3390/cancers13174386.

Authors

Babak Hooshmand Moghadam^{1

2}, Fateme Golestani³, Reza Bagheri⁴, Neda Cheraghloo⁵, Mozhgan Eskandari³, Alexei Wong⁶, Michael Nordvall⁶, Katsuhiko Suzuki⁷, Parisa Pournemati¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran 1961733114, Iran.
² Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
³ Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran.
⁴ Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran.
⁵ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran.
⁶ Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA.
⁷ Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.

Abstract

Background: Chronic inflammation associated with breast cancer (BC) poses a major challenge in care management and may be ameliorated by physical activity. This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on inflammatory markers, body composition, and physical fitness in BC survivors (BCS). Methods: Forty BCS (age = 57 ± 1 years; body mass [BM] = 74.8 ± 1.5 kg; VO_2peak = 20.8 ± 2.1 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) were randomly assigned to three groups: HIIT (n = 15), MICT (n = 15), or control (CON; n = 15). The intervention groups (HIIT and MICT) performed their respective exercise protocols on a cycle ergometer 3 days/week for 12 weeks while the CON group maintained their current lifestyle. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included body composition (BM, fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM)), physical fitness (VO_2peak, lower body strength (LBS), upper body strength (UBS)), and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, and adiponectin. Results: Both intervention groups significantly (p < 0.05) decreased BM (HIIT = -1.8 kg, MICT = -0.91 kg), FM (HIIT = -0.81 kg, MICT = -0.18 kg), TNF-α (HIIT = -1.84 pg/mL, MICT = -0.99 pg/mL), IL-6 (HIIT = -0.71 pg/mL, MICT = -0.36 pg/mL), leptin (HIIT = -0.35 pg/mL, MICT = -0.16 pg/mL) and increased VO_2peak (HIIT = 0.95 mL·kg^-1·min^-1, MICT = 0.67 mL·kg^-1·min^-1), LBS (HIIT = 2.84 kg, MICT = 1.53 kg), UBS (HIIT = 0.53 kg, MICT = 0.53 kg), IL-10 (HIIT = 0.63 pg/mL, MICT = 0.38 pg/mL), and adiponectin (HIIT = 0.23 ng/mL, MICT = 0.1 ng/mL) compared to baseline. The changes in BM, FM, TNF-α, leptin, and LBS were significantly greater in HIIT compared to all other groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that compared to the often-recommended MICT, HIIT may be a more beneficial exercise therapy for the improvement of inflammation, body composition and LBS in BCS; and consequently, merits long-term study.

Keywords: adipokines; breast cancer; cytokines; high-intensity intermittent exercise; moderate-intensity continuous exercise.