Mutagenicity evaluation to UV filters of benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor by Ames test

PLoS One. 2021 Sep 2;16(9):e0255504. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255504. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Benzophenone (BPs) and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor are used as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect the skin and hair in personal care products. The discharging of the three chemicals may endanger the receiving water ecosystem. In the present study, the mutagenicity of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) in the system with and without rat liver microsomal preparations (S9). Four S.typhimurium strains, TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were employed in the Ames tests. The mutagenicity was detected from all three chemicals. The addition of S9 increased the mutation ratios of three chemicals to four strains, except BP-6 to TA100 strain and 4-MBC to TA97 and TA98 strain. In the mixed experiment, all positive effects were detected in the absence of S9. However, the results all became negative in the presence of S9. For the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four tester strains except for the TA100 strain. For the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four strains. The mixture test results showed antagonism in mutagenicity for the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC to TA98 and TA100 strains and the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC to TA100 and TA102 strains.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Benzophenones / toxicity*
  • Biological Assay
  • Camphor / analogs & derivatives*
  • Camphor / toxicity
  • Environmental Monitoring / methods
  • Humans
  • Microsomes, Liver / drug effects
  • Mutagenesis / drug effects*
  • Mutagenicity Tests / methods*
  • Rats
  • Salmonella typhimurium / drug effects*
  • Salmonella typhimurium / genetics
  • Sunscreening Agents / toxicity*
  • Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Benzophenones
  • Sunscreening Agents
  • Camphor
  • enzacamene

Grants and funding

Li-Wei Sun received the National Key Research and Development Program-China (2018YFC1803100)(URL:https://service.most.gov.cn/). Ya-Ni Zhao received the Natural Science Foundation of Xizang (XZ 2018 ZR G-89 (Z))(URL:http://sti.xizang.gov.cn/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.