A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

Ebrahim Osdaghi; Jeffrey B Jones; Anuj Sharma; Erica M Goss; Peter Abrahamian; Eric A Newberry; Neha Potnis; Renato Carvalho; Manoj Choudhary; Mathews L Paret; Sujan Timilsina; Gary E Vallad

doi:10.1111/mpp.13125

A centenary for bacterial spot of tomato and pepper

Mol Plant Pathol. 2021 Dec;22(12):1500-1519. doi: 10.1111/mpp.13125. Epub 2021 Sep 2.

Authors

Ebrahim Osdaghi¹, Jeffrey B Jones², Anuj Sharma², Erica M Goss^{2

3}, Peter Abrahamian^{2

4}, Eric A Newberry⁵, Neha Potnis⁵, Renato Carvalho², Manoj Choudhary², Mathews L Paret⁶, Sujan Timilsina², Gary E Vallad⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
² Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
³ Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
⁴ Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida, USA.
⁵ Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
⁶ Department of Plant Pathology, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA.

Abstract

Disease symptoms: Symptoms include water-soaked areas surrounded by chlorosis turning into necrotic spots on all aerial parts of plants. On tomato fruits, small, water-soaked, or slightly raised pale-green spots with greenish-white halos are formed, ultimately becoming dark brown and slightly sunken with a scabby or wart-like surface.

Host range: Main and economically important hosts include different types of tomatoes and peppers. Alternative solanaceous and nonsolanaceous hosts include Datura spp., Hyoscyamus spp., Lycium spp., Nicotiana rustica, Physalis spp., Solanum spp., Amaranthus lividus, Emilia fosbergii, Euphorbia heterophylla, Nicandra physaloides, Physalis pubescens, Sida glomerata, and Solanum americanum.

Taxonomic status of the pathogen: Domain, Bacteria; phylum, Proteobacteria; class, Gammaproteobacteria; order, Xanthomonadales; family, Xanthomonadaceae; genus, Xanthomonas; species, X. euvesicatoria, X. hortorum, X. vesicatoria.

Synonyms (nonpreferred scientific names): Bacterium exitiosum, Bacterium vesicatorium, Phytomonas exitiosa, Phytomonas vesicatoria, Pseudomonas exitiosa, Pseudomonas gardneri, Pseudomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Xanthomonas cynarae pv. gardneri, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans.

Microbiological properties: Colonies are gram-negative, oxidase-negative, and catalase-positive and have oxidative metabolism. Pale-yellow domed circular colonies of 1-2 mm in diameter grow on general culture media.

Distribution: The bacteria are widespread in Africa, Brazil, Canada and the USA, Australia, eastern Europe, and south-east Asia. Occurrence in western Europe is restricted.

Phytosanitary categorization: A2 no. 157, EU Annex designation II/A2.

Eppo codes: XANTEU, XANTGA, XANTPF, XANTVE.

Keywords: Capsicum annuum; Solanum lycopersicum; Xanthomonas vesicatoria; Solanaceae; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria; Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans; Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Australia
Plant Diseases
Solanum lycopersicum*