Effect of Addition of Palm Oil Biodiesel in Waste Plastic Oil on Diesel Engine Performance, Emission, and Lubricity

Muhamad Sharul Nizam Awang; Nurin Wahidah Mohd Zulkifli; Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas; Syahir Amzar Zulkifli; Md Abul Kalam; Muhammad Hazwan Ahmad; Mohd Nur Ashraf Mohd Yusoff; Mazrina Mazlan; Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c03073

Effect of Addition of Palm Oil Biodiesel in Waste Plastic Oil on Diesel Engine Performance, Emission, and Lubricity

ACS Omega. 2021 Aug 13;6(33):21655-21675. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03073. eCollection 2021 Aug 24.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
² Centre for Energy Sciences (CFES), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Department of Mechanical, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Engineering (New Campus), University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
⁴ Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract

This research was aimed to examine the diesel engine's performance and emission of secondary fuels (SFs), comprising waste plastic oil (WPO) and palm oil biodiesel (POB), and to analyze their tribological properties. Their compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five SFs (10-50% POB in WPO) were prepared by mechanical stirring. The results were compared to blank WPO (WPO100) and Malaysian commercial diesel (B10). WPO90 showed the maximum brake power (BP) and brake torque (BT) among the SFs, and their values were 0.52 and 0.59% higher compared to B10, respectively. The increase in POB ratio (20-50%) showed a negligible difference in BP and BT. WPO70 showed the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption among the SFs. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with POB composition. The maximum reductions in emission of hydrocarbon (HC, 37.21%) and carbon monoxide (CO, 27.10%) were achieved by WPO50 among the SFs. WPO90 showed the maximum reduction in CO₂ emission (6.78%). Increasing the POB composition reduced the CO emissions and increased the CO₂ emissions. All SFs showed a higher coefficient of friction (COF) than WPO100. WPO50 showed the minimal increase in COF of 2.45%. WPO90 showed the maximum reduction in wear scar diameter (WSD), by 10.34%, compared to B10. Among the secondary contaminated samples, SAE40-WPO90 showed the lowest COF, with 5.98% reduction compared to SAE40-WPO100. However, with increasing POB content in the secondary contaminated samples, the COF increased. The same trend was also observed in their WSD. Overall, WPO90 is the optimal SF with excellent potential for diesel engines.