Dietary patterns among adolescents and associated factors: longitudinal study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, diet and adolescent health

Cien Saude Colet. 2021 Aug 30;26(suppl 2):3839-3851. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.24922019. eCollection 2021.
[Article in Portuguese, English]

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns and associations with socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, nutritional status, lipid profile and inflammatory profile in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample using baseline data (2014) from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics, nutritional status, lifestyle and the results of biochemical tests. Dietary data were obtained using the 24-hour recall method and dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Associations of interest were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were found: "Traditional", "Snacks" and "Western". These patterns were associated with age, socioeconomic status, parental education and lifestyle. The "Traditional" pattern was associated lower adiposity and a better lipid profile. However, with the increase in age, greater frequencies of the "Snacks" and "Western" patterns were found. The present findings underscore the need for strategies that encourage healthy behaviors.

Objetivou-se identificar padrões alimentares e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, de estilo de vida, estado nutricional, perfil lipídico e inflamatório em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística, utilizando dados da linha de base (2014) do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde de Adolescentes (LONCAAFS). Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos), da rede pública de João Pessoa-PB. Foram obtidos dados socioeconômicos, medidas antropométricas, estilo de vida e exames bioquímicos. Os dados dietéticos foram obtidos por recordatórios de 24h, sendo os padrões alimentares identificados por análise fatorial exploratória e as associações de interesse estimadas por regressão logística múltipla. Foram encontrados três padrões alimentares: “Tradicional”, “Lanches” e “Ocidental” que se associaram com idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade dos pais e estilo de vida. O padrão “Tradicional” se mostrou associado a menor adiposidade e melhor perfil lipídico, porém com a maior idade, há maior adesão aos padrões “Lanches” e “Ocidental”. Os resultados da análise do padrão alimentar de adolescentes apontam para necessidade de estratégias que incentivem comportamentos saudáveis.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adolescent Behavior*
  • Adolescent Health
  • Child
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diet
  • Exercise
  • Feeding Behavior
  • Health Behavior
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Sedentary Behavior*
  • Socioeconomic Factors