Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the number of teeth present at 12 months and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (dmfs) at 30 and 48 months. Methods: Data are from a longitudinal, multisite study with clinical dental examinations conducted at 12, 30, and 48 months of age. Spearman correlation and chi-square tests assessed relationships between teeth present at 12 months and dmfs at 30 (n equals 1,062) and 48 months (n equals 985). Results: Spearman correlations were weak but significant for both 30- and 48-month time points (R equals 0.066, P=0.032; R equals 0.093, P=0.004, respectively). Mantel-Haenszel chi-square analyses of categories of teeth present at 12 months (zero, one to four, five to eight, and greater than or equal to nine) and categories of dmfs at 30 and 48 months (zero, one to two, three to five, six to 15, and greater than or equal to 16) revealed nonsignificant (P=0.326) relationship with 30-month dmfs but a significant (P=0.013) relationship with 48-month dmfs. Conclusion: Results suggest that early tooth eruption is weakly associated with an occurrence of early childhood caries.