Tumor-targeted delivery and controlled release of antitumor drugs are promising strategies for increasing chemotherapeutic efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Although mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been known as a potential delivery system for doxorubicin (DOX), they have restricted applications due to their uncontrolled leakage and burst release from their large open pores. Herein, we engineered a smart drug-delivery system (smart MSN-drug) based on MSN-drug loading, cell membrane mimetic coating, on-demand pore blocking/opening, and tumor cell targeting strategies. The pore size of DOX-loaded MSNs was narrowed by polydopamine coating, and the pores/channels were blocked with tumor-targeting ligands anchored by tumor environment-rupturable -SS- chains. Furthermore, a cell membrane mimetic surface was constructed to enhance biocompatibility of the smart MSN-drug. Confocal microscopy results demonstrate highly selective uptake (12-fold in comparison with L929 cell) of the smart MSN-drug by HeLa cells and delivery into the HeLa cellular nuclei. Further in vitro IC50 studies showed that the toxicity of the smart MSN-drug to HeLa cells was 4000-fold higher than to the normal fibroblast cells. These exciting results demonstrate the utility of the smart MSN-drug capable of selectively killing tumor cells and saving the normal cells.
Keywords: cell membrane mimetic coating; cytotoxicity; doxorubicin; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; tumor targeting.