Antioxidant identification using a colorimetric sensor array based on Co-N-C nanozyme

Abstract

Here we develop a simple and effective nose/tongue sensor array based on Co-N-C single-atom nanozymes-3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H₂O₂ for colorimetric discrimination of antioxidants, which makes use of the color reaction of TMB oxidation by H₂O₂ in two different pH (3.8 and 4.6) environments under the catalysis of Co-N-C nanoenzyme with peroxidase-like activity. Different antioxidants have varying reducing ability to the oxidation products of TMB (oxTMB), thus resulting in differential absorbance and color changes. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results indicate that the sensor array successfully identified 7 antioxidants, i.e., glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), cysteine (Cys), tannin (TA), Catechin (C), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) in both buffer and even serum samples. Additionally, the performance of the sensor array was validated with antioxidant mixtures, individual antioxidants with different concentrations, and target antioxidants and interfering substances. In general, the versatile sensor array based on Co-N-C single-atom nanozymes provides an excellent strategy for identifying a variety of antioxidants, which exhibits a broad application prospect in medical diagnosis.

Keywords: Antioxidant identification; Catalysis; Co-N-C single-atom nanozymes; Colorimetric sensor array; Linear discriminant analysis.