Therapy with checkpoint inhibitors still revolutionizes the therapeutical landscape in oncology. Since the first approval of a checkpoint inhibitor for the therapy of malignant melanoma 2011, many other approvals in the field of hematology and oncology followed. Besides monotherapy, a rapidly increasing number of trials is investigating checkpoint inhibitors in different combination therapies for advanced disease. Cumulating evidence suggests checkpoint blockade also as promising option for (neo)-adjuvant treatment. Here we review the different treatment strategies of mono- and combination-therapies. Additionally, important biomarkers for the treatment with checkpoint inhibitors are discussed.
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