Head and Body Dyskinesia During Gait in Tactical Athletes With Vestibular Deficit Following Concussion

John J Fraser; Jacob VanDehy; Dawn M Bodell; Kim R Gottshall; Pinata H Sessoms

doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.703982

Head and Body Dyskinesia During Gait in Tactical Athletes With Vestibular Deficit Following Concussion

Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Aug 10:3:703982. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.703982. eCollection 2021.

Authors

John J Fraser¹, Jacob VanDehy^{1

2}, Dawn M Bodell^{1

2}, Kim R Gottshall^{2

3}, Pinata H Sessoms¹

Affiliations

¹ Warfighter Performance Department, Operational Readiness and Health Directorate, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States.
² Leidos, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States.
³ Florida Ear and Balance Center, Kissimmee, FL, United States.

Abstract

Background: Vestibular deficit is common following concussion and may affect gait. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in head and pelvic center of mass (COM) movement during gait in military tactical athletes with and without concussion-related central vestibular impairment. Material and Methods: 24 patients with post-concussion vestibular impairment (20 males, 4 females; age: 31.7 ± 7.9 years; BMI: 27.3 ± 3.3) and 24 matched controls (20 males, 4 females; age: 31.8 ± 6.4 years; BMI: 27.2 ± 2.6) were included in the analyses. Three-dimensional head and pelvic displacement and velocities were collected at a 1.0 m/s standardized treadmill walking speed and assessed using Statistical Parametric Mapping t-tests. Maximum differences (d _max ) between groups were reported for all significant kinematic findings. Results: The Vestibular group demonstrated significantly diminished anteroposterior head excursions (d _max = 2.3 cm, p = 0.02) and slower anteroposterior (d _max = 0.37 m/s, p = 0.01), mediolateral (d _max = 0.47 m/s, p = 0.02) and vertical (d _max = 0.26 m/s, p < 0.001) velocities during terminal stance into pre-swing phases compared to the Control group. Vertical pelvic excursion was significantly increased in midstance (d _max = 2.4 cm, p = 0.03) and mediolaterally during pre- to initial-swing phases (d _max = 7.5 cm, p < 0.001) in the Vestibular group. In addition, pelvic velocities of the Vestibular group were higher mediolaterally during midstance (d _max = 0.19 m/s, p = 0.02) and vertically during post-initial contact (d _max = 0.14 m/s, p < 0.001) and pre-swing (d _max = 0.16 m/s, p < 0.001) compared to the Control group. Significance: The Vestibular group demonstrated a more constrained head movement strategy during gait compared with Controls, a finding that is likely attributed to a neurological impairment of visual-vestibular-somatosensory integration.

Keywords: brain injuries; dizziness; impairment; movement; walking.

Copyright © 2021 This work was authored by John J. Fraser, Jacob Vandehy, Dawn M. Bodell, Kim R. Gottshall, and Pinata H Sessoms on behalf of the U.S. Government and, as regards Dr. Fraser, Dr. Vandehy, Dr. Bodell, Dr. Gottshall, Dr. Sessoms, and the U.S. Government, is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Foreign and other copyrights may apply.