Membranes are associated with the efficient processes of separation, concentration and purification, but a very important aspect of them is the realization of a reaction process simultaneously with the separation process. From a practical point of view, chemical reactions have been introduced in most membrane systems: with on-liquid membranes, with inorganic membranes or with polymeric and/or composite membranes. This paper presents the obtaining of polymeric membranes containing metallic osmium obtained in situ. Cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PSf) and polypropylene hollow fiber membranes (PPM) were used as support polymer membranes. The metallic osmium is obtained directly onto the considered membranes using a solution of osmium tetroxide (OsO4), dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol (t-Bu-OH) by reduction with molecular hydrogen. The composite osmium-polymer (Os-P)-obtained membranes were characterized in terms of the morphological and structural points of view: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution SEM (HR-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDAX), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The process performance was tested for reduction of 5-nitrobenzimidazole to 5-aminobenzimidazole with molecular hydrogen. The paper presents the main aspects of the possible mechanism of transformation of 5-nitrobenzimidazole to 5-aminobenzimidazole with hydrogen gas in the reaction system with osmium-polymer membrane (Os-P).
Keywords: 5–nitrobenzimidazole; cellulose acetate membranes; composite membranes; nitro derivatives reduction; osmium polymer membrane; polypropylene hollow fiber membranes; polysulfone membranes; reactional processes.