Concurrent sampling of transitional and coastal waters by Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films (DGT) and spot sampling for trace metals analysis

Philippe Bersuder; Isabelle Amouroux; María Jesús Belzunce-Segarra; Thi Bolam; Miguel Caetano; Inês Carvalho; Margarida Correia Dos Santos; Gary R Fones; Jean-Louis Gonzalez; Stephane Guesdon; Joana Larreta; Barbara Marras; Brendan McHugh; Florence Menet-Nédélec; Iratxe Menchaca; Vanessa Millán Gabet; Natalia Montero; Martin Nolan; Fiona Regan; Craig D Robinson; Nuno Rosa; Marta Rodrigo Sanz; José Germán Rodríguez; Marco Schintu; Blánaid White; Hao Zhang

doi:10.1016/j.mex.2021.101462

Concurrent sampling of transitional and coastal waters by Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films (DGT) and spot sampling for trace metals analysis

MethodsX. 2021 Jul 21:8:101462. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101462. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Philippe Bersuder¹, Isabelle Amouroux², María Jesús Belzunce-Segarra³, Thi Bolam¹, Miguel Caetano⁴, Inês Carvalho⁵, Margarida Correia Dos Santos⁵, Gary R Fones⁶, Jean-Louis Gonzalez², Stephane Guesdon⁷, Joana Larreta³, Barbara Marras⁸, Brendan McHugh⁹, Florence Menet-Nédélec¹⁰, Iratxe Menchaca³, Vanessa Millán Gabet¹¹, Natalia Montero⁸, Martin Nolan¹², Fiona Regan¹², Craig D Robinson¹³, Nuno Rosa⁴, Marta Rodrigo Sanz¹¹, José Germán Rodríguez³, Marco Schintu⁸, Blánaid White¹², Hao Zhang¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Cefas, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
² Ifremer, Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France.
³ AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualde z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain.
⁴ IPMA, Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal.
⁵ Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
⁶ School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, United Kingdom.
⁷ Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
⁸ UNICA, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
⁹ Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland.
¹⁰ Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 14520 Port-en-Bessin, France.
¹¹ ITC, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Playa de Pozo Izquierdo, s/n. CP: 35119, Sta. Lucía, Las Palmas, Spain.
¹² DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
¹³ MSS, Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 365 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom.
¹⁴ Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.

Abstract

This protocol was developed based on the knowledge acquired in the framework of the Interreg MONITOOL project (EAPA_565/2016) where extensive sampling campaigns were performed in transitional and coastal waters covering eight European countries. It provides detailed procedures and guidelines for the sampling of these waterbodies by concurrent collection of discrete water samples and the deployment of Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films (DGT) passive samplers for the measurement of trace metal concentrations. In order to facilitate the application of this protocol by end-users, it presents steps to follow in the laboratory prior to sampling campaigns, explains the procedures for field campaigns (including in situ measurement of supporting parameters) and subsequent sample processing in the laboratory in preparation for trace metal analyze by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and voltammetry. The protocol provides a systematic, coherent field sampling and sample preparation strategy that was developed in order to ensure comparability and reproducibility of the data obtained from each project Partner in different regions. • Standardization of the concurrent sampling of transitional and coastal waters by DGT passive samplers and spot sampling. • Robust procedures and tips based on existing international standards and comprehensive practical experience. • Links to demonstration videos produced within the MONITOOL project.

Keywords: Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films (DGT); EU Water Framework Directive (WFD); MONITOOL; Metals; Monitoring; Passive sampling; Spot sampling; Transitional and coastal waters.