Experimental and computational study of naphthalimide derivatives: Synthesis, optical, nonlinear optical and antiviral properties

Santosh Kumar; Shabbir Muhammad; Saleh S Alarfaji; Sanghyun Yoon; Minse Kim; Keechul Youm; Muhammad Khalid; Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry; Joonseok Koh

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167748

Experimental and computational study of naphthalimide derivatives: Synthesis, optical, nonlinear optical and antiviral properties

Optik (Stuttg). 2021 Nov:246:167748. doi: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167748. Epub 2021 Aug 19.

Authors

Santosh Kumar^{1

2}, Shabbir Muhammad³, Saleh S Alarfaji⁴, Sanghyun Yoon², Minse Kim², Keechul Youm², Muhammad Khalid⁵, Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry^{6

7}, Joonseok Koh^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
² Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
³ Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.
⁶ Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The nonlinear optical (NLO) and antiviral properties of naphthalimide Schiff base compounds (5a-c) were experimentally and computationally investigated. The synthesized compounds (5a-c) were successfully characterized via UV-Vis, FTIR, ¹H NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The calculated average third-order NLO polarizabilities (˂γ˃) of 5a, 5b, and 5c were found to be 5, 9, and 21 times greater than the ˂γ˃ amplitude of p-NA, respectively. The computed results revealed the potential of the synthesized compounds for NLO applications. Additionally, molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds with two crucial SARS-CoV-2 proteins were performed to examine their biochemical properties. Compound 5c exhibited a higher binding affinity with the spike protein compared to that with Mᴾᴿᴼ. The results obtained herein indicate the potential of the synthesized naphthalimide derivatives for optoelectronic and drug design applications.

Keywords: COVID-19; Main protease; Naphthalimide; Nonlinear optical properties; Optical properties; Spike protein.