Various definitions are currently in use to describe high-risk prostate cancer. This variety in definitions is important for patient counseling, since predicted outcomes depend on which classification is applied to identify patient's prostate cancer risk category. Historically, strategies for the treatment of localized high-risk prostate cancer comprise local approaches such as surgery and radiotherapy, as well as systemic approaches such as hormonal therapy. Nevertheless, since high-risk prostate cancer patients remain the group with higher-risk of treatment failure and mortality rates, nowadays, novel treatment strategies, comprising hypofractionated-radiotherapy, second-generation antiandrogens, and hadrontherapy, are being explored in order to improve their long-term oncological outcomes. This narrative review aims to report the current management of high-risk prostate cancer and to explore the future perspectives in this clinical setting.
Keywords: hadrontherapy; high risk prostate cancer; iPARP treatment; narrative review; personalized medicine; second-generation antiandrogens.
Copyright © 2021 Marvaso, Corrao, Zaffaroni, Pepa, Augugliaro, Volpe, Musi, Luzzago, Mistretta, Verri, Cossu Rocca, Ferro, Petralia, Nolè, De Cobelli, Orecchia and Jereczek-Fossa.