Comparison of sliding distance of lag screw and nonunion rate according to anteromedial cortical support in intertrochanteric fracture fixation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: We compared the sliding distance of the lag screw, change in neck-shaft angle (NSA), and nonunion rates according to the anteromedial cortical support on anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view radiographs post intertrochanteric fracture reduction.

Material and methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically for studies published before September 26, 2020. We performed synthetic analyses of the amount of lag screw sliding, change in NSA, and incidence of nonunion following reduction of intertrochanteric fractures by extramedullary reduction (EMR), neutral reduction (NR), and intramedullary reduction (IMR). The combined data of EMR and NR comprised the non-IMR group.

Results: Our study enrolled eight studies, representing 1,363 patients who underwent surgery for intertrochanteric fractures. A pooled analysis showed a larger sliding distance in the IMR group than in the non-IMR group (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-2.20; P < 0.0001 and SMD = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.56-1.99; P = 0.0005, respectively) in both AP and lateral views. The pooled mean difference of change in NSA in the IMR group was -3.11° and differed significantly from that of the non-IMR group (95% CI: -4.07 to -2.16; P < 0.0001). In the lateral view, the nonunion rate was significantly higher in the IMR group than in the non-IMR group (odds ratio [OR] = 11.61; 95% CI, 3.32-40.62; P = 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, the NR group showed a larger sliding distance than that of the EMR group in the AP view (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.04-0.76; P = 0.03); however, the reverse was true in the lateral view (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.38-0.97; P < 0.00001).

Conclusion: In the current meta-analysis, larger sliding distances, more varus in NSA, and higher nonunion rates were observed in the IMR group than the non-IMR group, in both AP and lateral views. However, in the comparison between EMR and NR, it was difficult to conclude which of them was the ideal reduction method because of inconsistent results.

Keywords: anteromedial cortical support; head-neck implant; helical blade; intertrochanteric fracture; lag screw; nonunion; reduction; sliding.