A novel convolutional neural network for reconstructing surface electrocardiograms from intracardiac electrograms and vice versa

Abstract

We propose a novel convolutional neural network framework for mapping a multivariate input to a multivariate output. In particular, we implement our algorithm within the scope of 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) reconstruction from intracardiac electrograms (EGM) and vice versa. The goal of performing this task is to allow for improved point-of-care monitoring of patients with an implanted device to treat cardiac pathologies. We will achieve this goal with 12-lead ECG reconstruction and by providing a new diagnostic tool for classifying five different ECG types. The algorithm is evaluated on a dataset retroactively collected from 14 patients. Correlation coefficients calculated between the reconstructed and the actual ECG show that the proposed convolutional neural network model represents an efficient, accurate, and superior way to synthesize a 12-lead ECG when compared to previous methods. We can also achieve the same reconstruction accuracy with only one EGM lead as input. We also tested the model in a non-patient specific way and saw a reasonable correlation coefficient. The model was also executed in the reverse direction to produce EGM signals from a 12-lead ECG and found that the correlation was comparable to the forward direction. Lastly, we analyzed the features learned in the model and determined that the model learns an overcomplete basis of our 12-lead ECG space. We then use this basis of features to create a new diagnostic tool for classifying different ECG arrhythmia's on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database with an average accuracy of 0.98.

Keywords: Convolutional multivariate multiple regression; Deep neural network; ECG reconstruction; Implantable devices; Intracardiac electrogram; Nonlinear regression.