Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans (and vice versa) and across animal species. As such, host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable attention. Non-human primates (NHPs), our closest evolutionary relatives, are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circulate between humans and NHPs. Here, we generated global statistics on VI-NHPs based on a literature search and public data mining. In total, 140 NHP species from 12 families are reported to be infected by 186 DNA and RNA virus species, 68.8% of which are also found in humans, indicating high potential for crossing species boundaries. The top 10 NHP species with high centrality in the NHP-virus network include two great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus) and eight Old World monkeys (Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. leonina, Papio cynocephalus, Cercopithecus ascanius, C. erythrotis, Chlorocebus aethiops, and Allochrocebus lhoesti). Given the wide distribution of Old World monkeys and their frequent contact with humans, there is a high risk of virus circulation between humans and such species. Thus, we suggest recurring epidemiological surveillance of NHPs, specifically Old World monkeys that are in frequent contact with humans, and other effective measures to prevent potential circulation and transmission of viruses. Avoidance of false positives and sampling bias should also be a focus in future work.
病毒可以从动物传染给人类，反之亦然；同时也可以在动物之间传播。这引起了公众对宿主与病毒的相互作用和病毒传播方式的关注。非人灵长类动物作为人类的演化近亲，易受人类病毒的影响，而且已知有多种病原体在人类和非人灵长类之间传播。我们基于文献搜索和公共数据挖掘，对全球范围已报道的非人灵长类动物的病毒感染情况进行了统计分析。数据显示，12个科的140种非人灵长类物种被186种DNA和RNA病毒感染，其中68.8%的病毒也在人类中发现，这表明病毒跨越物种边界传播的潜在风险很大。非人灵长类和病毒相互作用的网络分析表明，2种类人猿（Pan troglodytes和Pongo pygmaeus）和8种旧大陆猴（Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. leonina, Papio cynocephalus, Ceropithecus ascanius, C. erythrotis, Chlorocebus aethiops, Allochrocebus lhoesti）位于网络的中心，是病毒跨物种传播的高风险节点。除了类人猿之外，许多旧大陆猴分布广泛，并且与人类有着频繁的接触，因此人类和旧大陆猴之间发生病毒传播的风险也很高。我们建议在非人灵长类中，特别是在经常与人类接触的旧大陆猴中开展流行病学监测，以及采取其它有效措施来防止潜在的病毒传播。同时也建议在未来的研究工作中采用病毒组学和大数据分析的方法，以减少在此类研究中假阳性结果和抽样偏差的产生。.
Keywords: Emerging infectious diseases; Inter-species transmission; NHP; One Health; Pandemic; Virus; Zoonosis.