Objective: To analyze the survival benefits and treatment related toxic effects of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-RT) for non-operative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Methods: The data of 2 132 ESCC patients who were not suitable for surgery or rejected operation, and underwent radical radiotherapy from 2002 to 2016 in 10 hospitals of Jing-Jin-Ji Esophageal and Esophagogastric Cancer Radiotherapy Oncology Group (3JECROG) were analyzed. Among them, 518 (24.3%) cases underwent SIB (SIB group) and 1 614 (75.7%) cases did not receive SIB (No-SIB group). The two groups were matched with 1∶2 according to propensity score matching (PSM) method (caliper value=0.02). After PSM, 515 patients in SIB group and 977 patients in No-SIB group were enrolled. Prognosis and treatment related adverse effects of these two groups were compared and the independent prognostic factor were analyzed. Results: The median follow-up time was 61.7 months. Prior to PSM, the 1-, 3-, and 5-years overall survival (OS) rates of SIB group were 72.2%, 42.8%, 35.5%, while of No-SIB group were 74.3%, 41.4%, 31.9%, respectively (P=0.549). After PSM, the 1-, 3-, and 5-years OS rates of the two groups were 72.5%, 43.4%, 36.4% and 75.3%, 41.7%, 31.6%, respectively (P=0.690). The univariate survival analysis of samples after PSM showed that the lesion location, length, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, gross tumor volume (GTV) and underwent SIB-RT or not were significantly associated with the prognosis of advanced esophageal carcinoma patients who underwent radical radiotherapy (P<0.05). Cox model multivariate regression analysis showed lesion location, TNM stage, GTV and simultaneous chemoradiotherapy were independent prognostic factors of advanced esophageal carcinoma patients who underwent radical radiotherapy (P<0.05). Stratified analysis showed that, in the patients whose GTV volume≤50 cm(3), the median survival time of SIB and No-SIB group was 34.7 and 30.3 months (P=0.155), respectively. In the patients whose GTV volume>50 cm(3), the median survival time of SIB and No-SIB group was 16.1 and 20.1 months (P=0.218). The incidence of radiation esophagitis and radiation pneumonitis above Grade 3 in SIB group were 4.3% and 2.5%, significantly lower than 13.1% and 11% of No-SIB group (P<0.001). Conclusions: The survival benefit of SIB-RT in patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma is not inferior to non-SIB-RT, but without more adverse reactions, and shortens the treatment time. SIB-RT can be used as one option of the radical radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.
目的： 评价同步加量放疗(SIB-RT)治疗不可手术食管鳞癌的远期疗效及与治疗相关的不良反应。 方法： 2002年1月至2016年12月，在泛京津冀食管肿瘤多中心协作组(3JECROG)10家医疗中心接受根治性放疗的不能手术或拒绝手术的食管鳞癌患者2 132例，其中接受SIB-RT 518例(SIB组)，非SIB-RT 1 614例(No-SIB组)。采用倾向性评分匹配(PSM)方法，按卡钳值＝0.02进行1∶2匹配。PSM后，SIB组515例，No-SIB组977例。比较SIB组和No-SIB组患者的预后和治疗相关不良反应，并分析预后影响因素。 结果： 中位随访时间为61.7个月。PSM前，SIB组患者的1、3、5年总生存率分别为72.2%、42.8%和35.5%，No-SIB组患者分别为74.3%、41.4%和31.9%，两组差异无统计学意义(P＝0.549)。PSM后，SIB组患者的1、3、5年总生存率分别为72.5%、43.4%和36.4%，No-SIB组患者分别为75.3%、41.7%和31.6%，两组差异无统计学意义(P＝0.690)。对PSM后的样本进行单因素分析显示，病变部位、病变长度、T分期、N分期、TNM分期、同步放化疗、大体肿瘤体积(GTV)和是否SIB-RT与不可手术食管鳞癌根治性放疗的预后有关(均P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示，病变部位、TNM分期、GTV和同步放化疗是不可手术食管鳞癌根治性放疗预后的独立影响因素(均P<0.05)。分层分析显示，在GTV≤50 cm(3)的患者中，SIB组和No-SIB组患者的中位生存时间分别为34.7和30.3个月，差异无统计学意义(P＝0.155)。在GTV>50 cm(3)的患者中，SIB组和No-SIB组患者的中位生存时间分别为16.2和20.1个月，差异亦无统计学意义(P＝0.218)。SIB组患者重症食管炎和重症放射性肺炎的发生率分别为4.3%和2.5%，均低于No-SIB组(分别为13.1%和11.0%，均P<0.001)。 结论： 不可手术食管鳞癌患者行SIB-RT的远期生存不劣于常规分割放疗，且未增加放疗相关不良反应，缩短了治疗时间。SIB-RT可作为不可手术食管鳞癌根治性放疗的选择之一。.
Keywords: Adverse reaction; Esophageal neoplasms; Prognosis; Propensity score matching; Simultaneous boost radiotherapy.