Prevalence and factors associated with depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: A multi stage sampling-based study

Sharmin Sultana; Sanjana Zaman; Abm Alauddin Chowdhury; Istiaque Hasan; Md Imdadul Haque; Md Kamrul Hossain; Kazi Rumana Ahmed; Promit Ananyo Chakraborty; Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07493

Prevalence and factors associated with depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: A multi stage sampling-based study

Heliyon. 2021 Jul 7;7(7):e07493. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07493. eCollection 2021 Jul.

Authors

Sharmin Sultana¹, Sanjana Zaman¹, Abm Alauddin Chowdhury¹, Istiaque Hasan², Md Imdadul Haque¹, Md Kamrul Hossain³, Kazi Rumana Ahmed¹, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty⁴, Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
² Department of Pharmacy, North South University (NSU), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
³ Department of General Education, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Public Health, North South University (NSU), Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.

Abstract

Background: Motherhood is associated with extra stress, and mothers of young children are particularly prone to developing depression and mental health problems.

Methodology: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, from June to December 2019. Mothers of school-going children were recruited through a multistage sampling technique. Dhaka city was divided into two divisions and then further subdivided into public and private sectors. Six schools were selected from each sector by using a simple random sampling technique. A list of class five to eight students were collected from each school by systematic random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. The rate of depressive symptoms was measured by the validated Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS).

Result: A total of 324 women participated in this study; the majority of the women (85.5%) were Muslim, 67.0% were housewives, and 53.1% had a girl child. Among the women, 15.4% had mild, 22.2% had moderate, and 20.1% had severe depression. Most of the child's behavioral and lifestyle factors were associated with the mother's depression. Adjusted analyses indicate that if a child is often unhappy, depressed, or tearful [(OR (95%CI = 22.27 (8.39-59.11)], gets nervous in new situations or easily loses confidence [(OR (95%CI) = 5.45 (2.96-10.00)], often lies or cheats [(OR (95%CI) = 8.93 (3.76-21.22)], gets afraid easily [(OR (95%CI) = 7.09 (3.79-13.24)], watches television for 3 h or more [(OR (95%CI) = 23.77 (6.46-87.48)] browses the internet for 3 h or more [(OR (95%CI = 7.37 (2.76-19.67)] were associated with mother's depression.

Conclusion: The study concludes that depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city of Bangladesh is high. Several lifestyles and behavioral factors of school-going children are significantly associated with the mothers' depression.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Maternal depression; Mothers; School-going children.