Sunroot snack bar: Optimization, characterization, consumer perception, and storage stability assessment

Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud; Sayed Saad Smuda; Ammar B Altemimi; Reda Mahgoub Mohamed; Anubhav Pratap-Singh; Marwa Rashad Ali

doi:10.1002/fsn3.2412

Sunroot snack bar: Optimization, characterization, consumer perception, and storage stability assessment

Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Jun 29;9(8):4394-4407. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2412. eCollection 2021 Aug.

Authors

Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud¹, Sayed Saad Smuda¹, Ammar B Altemimi², Reda Mahgoub Mohamed¹, Anubhav Pratap-Singh³, Marwa Rashad Ali¹

Affiliations

¹ Food Science Department Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Giza Egypt.
² Department of Food science College of Agriculture University of Basrah Basrah Iraq.
³ Food, Nutrition & Health Program Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.

Abstract

This study reports the evolution of phenolics, inulin content, proximate composition, hardness, and sensory characteristics of an inulin-rich healthy snack bar (The Sunroot Snack Bar) over 90 days of storage in refrigerated and room temperature storage. A response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite rotatable design was first employed for optimizing the concentrations of sunroot, potato, and oats. The optimum selected concentrations of sunroot, potato, and oat were 53.99, 37.88, and 5 g, respectively, and a quadratic model was found to yield the best fit. Analysis of variance revealed that a higher sunroot content resulted in more firmness of the bar and higher overall acceptability in sensory trials. Sunroot snack bar samples without flavor (control), sunroot snack bar with cheese flavor (S1), and sunroot snack bar with olive flavor (S2) were then tested for sensory, chemical, phytochemicals, and microbial contents among control, S1, and S2 samples over a 90-day shelf-life study. Results showed no significant (p < .05) changes in these contents on addition of flavor. An increase in microbial load and the appearance of a bitter taste after 30 days of fresh sunroot storage were observed. No microbial growth was observed in all sunroot snack bar samples during storage at 4°C, while some microbial growth was observed at 25°C for 90 days. It was inferred that the high-quality shelf life of the sunroot bar was 90 days at 4°C, which was shortened to a month if the bars were preserved at 25°C. There was a significant phenolic and inulin content loss at 25°C compared with 4°C in total phenolic component. Based on the results of sensory evaluation, online questionnaire of customer experience, and cost analysis, this study successfully used sunroot tubers for the production of snack bars as a promising new raw material, which was introduced healthily with a suitable price for such product compared with other products in the market.

Keywords: oats; snack bar; storage stability; sunroot; vegetable.