Water-Triggered, Irreversible Conformational Change of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease on Passing from the Solid State to Aqueous Solution

J Am Chem Soc. 2021 Aug 25;143(33):12930-12934. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c05301. Epub 2021 Aug 16.

Abstract

The main protease from SARS-CoV-2 is a homodimer. Yet, a recent 0.1-ms-long molecular dynamics simulation performed by D. E. Shaw's research group shows that it readily undergoes a symmetry-breaking event on passing from the solid state to aqueous solution. As a result, the subunits present distinct conformations of the binding pocket. By analyzing this long simulation, we uncover a previously unrecognized role of water molecules in triggering the transition. Interestingly, each subunit presents a different collection of long-lived water molecules. Enhanced sampling simulations performed here, along with machine learning approaches, further establish that the transition to the asymmetric state is essentially irreversible.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19 / pathology
  • COVID-19 / virology
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Protein Subunits / chemistry
  • Protein Subunits / metabolism
  • SARS-CoV-2 / enzymology*
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Viral Matrix Proteins / chemistry*
  • Viral Matrix Proteins / metabolism
  • Water / chemistry*

Substances

  • Protein Subunits
  • Viral Matrix Proteins
  • membrane protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • Water